Case Studies

As exams were shifted online during the COVID-19 pandemic, some German universities began to use proctoring software to monitor students taking their exams. This software may violate fundamental rights by

In mid-2019, the media revealed that the UK Home Office had been using an algorithm/automated computer system for five years to process visa applications. Foxglove and JCWI argued that the

In 2024, PILP took litigation challenging automated decision making through the use of an algorithm by banks in the Netherlands, resulting in discrimination against people with "exotic" sounding names, whose

Based on research carried out by Tracking Exposed (now rebranded into Reversing Works), privacy activists lodged a complaint before the data protection authority (DPA) of Italy. In November 2024, after

The Ministry of Justice in Poland is using a computer system to randomly allocate cases to judges. Some judges claim that since the system was deployed, they have been given

Open Rights Group, Migrants’ Rights Network and Migrants At Work sought to determine how a test claim could be brought to challenge the Home Office’s use of automated digital identity

Foxglove, with the Independent Publishers Alliance, is pushing UK and European competition regulators to intervene and stop Google from using AI tools to scrape the work of independent news reporters

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic many educational institutions in the UK have moved exams online and are turning to remote proctoring as a monitoring solution. This potentially results in a

medConfidential is examining possible legal action in relation to the unlawful processing of patients’ medical data by Sensyne Health plc, a private company, which has data sharing agreements with several

Based on research carried out by Tracking Exposed (now rebranded into AI Forensics) since 2019, privacy activists have lodged complaints before the data protection authorities of Italy and Cyprus alleging

ERRC state that the digitalisation of public services in Albania and Bulgaria has amplified systemic inequalities, disproportionately affecting marginalised communities, particularly Roma. While these initiatives were introduced to modernise administrative

Privacy First are challenging the Dutch Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) Act, which was adopted in November 2017 and entered into force in January 2019. The Act enables the Dutch

Partners Serbia will implement a litigation and advocacy project that puts Serbia, and the Western Balkans, on a rights-centred path toward the EU Digital Single Market (DSM). In June 2024

In October 2024, La Quadrature du Net (LQDN) along with 14 other organisations began litigation against a risk-scoring algorithm used by the CNAF (Caisse nationale d’allocations familiales), the family branch

The Child Poverty Action Group (CPAG) is taking litigation in the UK related to the universal credit system administered by the UK Department for Work and Pensions. Universal credit is

In December 2021, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued an administrative fine of NOK 65 million (around EUR 6.5 million) against dating app Grindr for disclosing personal information about

Border Violence Monitoring Network (BVMN) and I Have Rights, a refugee law clinic based in Samos, Greece, are preparing for litigation challenging the technology and surveillance infrastructure of the Samos

In October 2024, IuRe filed a lawsuit with the Municipal Court in Prague to challenge the processing and use of sensitive personal medical data by the Czech Institute of Health

GLAN are working in partnership with Bindmans LLP to devise a strategic litigation approach to achieve accountability for the use of Pegasus malware on UK-based smartphones in violation of individuals’

StraLi for Strategic Litigation (StraLi) is preparing a strategic path to challenge the use of facial recognition technology by law enforcement and judicial authorities in Italy. They will also identify

AI systems rely on significant labour for their training and deployment. There are millions of data workers in the world who feed AI systems by producing, categorising and correcting data.

“Gig workers” are oppressed, misclassified as self-employed and denied the right to a minimum wage, as well as freedom from discrimination and unfair dismissal. Their oppression is exacerbated by digitisation,

Reversing.works will identify the most effective legal strategy to litigate data protection violations affecting platform workers engaged through intermediaries in Germany’s food delivery sector.The research will strengthen litigation by:· Providing

In Serbia, the Law on Social Card was adopted in 2021, establishing an electronic register containing the data of beneficiaries of social protection schemes, and enabling automated processing of data

Asociación Élite Taxi is litigating against ride-hailing platform, Free Now over the platform's use of opaque pricing algorithms in the regulated taxi sector.Taxi fares in Barcelona are set by public

Association Taxi Project 2.0 carried out pre-litigation research to support the preparation of a complaint(s) against ride-sharing companies in Spain. Taxi Project has been analysing the behaviour of dynamic pricing

GFF believe that information about algorithm-driven technology used by state bodies in Germany should be accessible to anyone who wants to scrutinise it. When the public can check that technology

Under the guise of detecting potential welfare and tax fraud, the Dutch government introduced a computerised system (System Risk Indication or “SyRI”) that profiled individuals based on vast pools of

The EU Passenger Name Record (PNR) Directive obliges airlines to collect personal, and sometimes potentially sensitive, data of travellers and share it with government authorities. The data is mined and